Abstract: In this paper, we propose a graph-represented image distribution similarity (GRIDS) index for full-reference (FR) image quality assessment (IQA), which can measure the perceptual distance ...

A team of international physicists has brought Bayes’ centuries-old probability rule into the quantum world. By applying the “principle of minimum change” — updating beliefs as little as possible ...

Physicists have derived a quantum version of Bayes’ rule, revealing how beliefs and probabilities update in the quantum realm with potential applications in computing and beyond. Credit: Shutterstock ...

Cities can be viewed as living organisms and their metabolism as the set of processes controlling their evolving structure and function. Urban population, transport networks, and all anthropogenic ...

Three wine coooperatives – Loire Propriétés, Rhonéa and the Union de Producteurs de Saint-Émilion – have launched a joint distribution venture.

The hazard produced by natural phenomena on infrastructure and urban populations has been widely studied in the last 50 years. Researchers have recognised that the real danger posed by these phenomena ...

Stochastic reaction networks are important in understanding complex systems, but representing their solution space through brute force would require an unacceptable computational complexity and ...

Pointwise Mutual Information stems from the broader concept of mutual information – a measure used to quantify the relationship between two random variables. PMI, however, evaluates the dependency or ...

In the field of statistics and probability, marginal distribution plays a critical role in understanding the behavior of variables. It is a method used to determine the probability distribution of a ...