Despite the large comorbidity between PTSD and opioid use disorders, as well as the common treatment of physical injuries resulting from trauma with opioids, the ability of opioid treatments to ...

Incentive motivation theory ascribes a critical role to reward-associated stimuli in the generation and maintenance of goal-directed behavior. Repeated psychomotor stimulant treatment, in addition to ...

The brain disease model is the most prevalent model of addiction in the western world. Particularly in the United States, it dominates professional and public discourse on prevention, treatment, ...