During the first step, adhesions should be dissected very carefully to avoid perforating the esophageal mucosa and separating it from the liver. Once this is achieved, the previous fundoplication is ...

The extension of the myotomy onto the gastric wall (clearly the most critical and challenging part of the operation) proved difficult because of poor exposure, with the consequent risk of a short ...

An endoscope with a transparent cap enters through a 2 cm mucosal incision into the submucosal “third” space, approximately 5 cm proximal to the lower esophageal sphincter. Four distinct tissue layers ...

The aim of cardiomyotomy in achalasia patients is to decrease the lower oesophageal sphincter tone [1]. Although this procedure improves dysphagia, it can induce gastroesophageal reflux [2 - 5]. So, ...

Surgical Treatment for Achalasia of the Esophagus: Laparoscopic Heller Myotomy - (http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/708327) Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy for the Treatment ...

Controversy exists with regard to the optimal treatment for achalasia and whether surveillance for early recognition of late complications is indicated. Currently, surgical myotomy and pneumatic ...